Education and research are fundamental to the mission of the Niki Charitable Art Foundation. In the coming weeks, we’ll be rolling out new resources for researchers, students, and educators, beginning with this detailed roster of individual exhibitions by Niki de Saint Phalle (from 1956 to the present), a list of museum collections worldwide with works by Niki de Saint Phalle, and a selected bibliography.
Upcoming additions will include further informational resources about Niki’s life and work, materials designed for use by students and educators, and a guide to offline resources in the NCAF Archive for researchers.
Niki de Saint Phalle is one of 21 artists featured in Wunderkammer: Figur und Raum — von Archipenko bis Niki de Saint Phalle, a group exhibition at the Sprengel Museum in Hannover, Germany. The exhibition opens on 8 June and runs through 17 August 2008.
Other artists included in the show are Alexander Archipenko, Jean Arp, Francis Bacon, Max Beckmann, Rudolf Belling, Jean Dubuffet, Barbara Hepworth, Bernhard Hoetger, Alfred Hrdlicka, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, R.B. Kitaj, Käthe Kollwitz, Henri Laurens, Wilhelm Lehmbruck, Jacques Lipchitz, Edvard Munch, Emil Nolde, Pablo Picasso, Germaine Richier, and Kurt Schwitters.
Niki de Saint Phalle was born Catherine Marie-Agnès Fal de Saint Phalle in 1930 in France into a life of wealth and privilege. Her father was a French aristocrat and her mother a wealthy American. The family was wiped out financially, however, during the Great Depression and immigrated to the United States.
In New York, young Catherine, now going by Niki, adapted to life on the Upper East Side, attending a series of private schools from all of which she was expelled for insubordination. She eloped when she was 18 with the 19-year-old musician/novelist Harry Mathews, who took her to Cambridge where he completed his studies at Harvard.
A beautiful young woman, de Saint Phalle modeled for Vogue, Harper’s Bazaar and Elle and appeared on the cover of Life magazine. She and Mathews returned to Europe in 1952, where they both developed their cultural lives.
In Paris, de Saint Phalle functioned as a liaison between the European and American art worlds. She met the American poets John Ashbery and Kenneth Koch, and the American artists Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg and Larry Rivers. She was championed by Pierre Restany, the critic behind the “Nouveau Réalisme” (New Realism) movement, a French version of American Pop art. Among the Nouveau Réaliste artists she was associated with were Swiss kinetic sculptor Jean Tinguely, whom she later married; Christo; Yves Klein; and Arman.
De Saint Phalle caused a sensation with her “Shooting Paintings.” For these performance-based works, which she made from 1961 to 1963, she attached balloons filled with paint to canvas and then shot them with a rifle so that the paint dripped out in a parody of action painting.
During these years, she also designed sets and costumes for the ballet and theater.
In 1965, inspired by a friend’s pregnant form, de Saint Phalle started making her “Nanas,” zaftig but contemporary earth mothers. (Nana can be translated as “chick” or “babe.”) Her most famous Nana, “Hon” (Swedish for “She”), also caused an international sensation. A 1966 room-sized reclining woman installed in the Modern Art Museum in Stockholm, it could be entered between the legs.
In 1967-68, de Saint Phalle and Tinguely collaborated on a major work for the French Pavilion at the Montreal World’s Fair. In 1982, they also collaborated on the Stravinksy Fountain adjacent to the Centre Pompidou in Paris.
De Saint Phalle’s major effort at the end of her life was the “Tarot Garden” she created in Tuscany. For more than 20 years she worked on a project blending art and nature that had been a goal of hers since 1954 when she saw Gaudi’s Parc Guell in Barcelona.
In 1994, de Saint Phalle moved to San Diego. In 2000, she received the Praemium Imperial for Sculpture from the Japan Art Association, one of the most prestigious awards in creativity in the world.
She died in San Diego in 2002.
— David Bonetti, Post-Dispatch Visual Arts Critic
Photo: Niki de Saint Phalle painting “Le Monde” in her studio in France circa 1981. (Laurent Condominas)
Marking the opening of “Niki in the Garden” at the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis Post-Dispatch Visual Arts Critic David Bonetti surveys the life and work of Niki de Saint Phalle, from her early association with the French Nouveau Réalistes and her sensational “shooting paintings” to her Nanas, the Tarot Garden in Tuscany, and other spectacular sculptures. The photo here shows Niki de Saint Phalle painting “Le Monde” in her studio in France circa 1981.
Bloum Cardenas grew up seeing her grandmother creating.
And when Niki de Saint Phalle began a round, bright female piece called “Clarice Again,” Cardenas watched it in the yard and painted and colored a smaller version of her own.
“She didn’t want me to be painting on her work,” said Cardenas, a board member of the Niki Charitable Art Foundation and herself an artist living in San Francisco working mostly with plastic bags. “But she gave me one to color so that I could participate.”
On Sunday, April 27, Niki in the Garden officially opens at the Missouri Botanical Garden. Guides and signs will let people know exactly which ones are meant for looking and which are built for climbing.
Since 2001, the garden has brought in outside art, including Chapungu, stone sculptures from Zimbabwe, and most notably the glass creations of Dale Chihuly. But nothing has invited participation the way Niki has.
On Sunday, Kim Treff of St. Louis watched as her daughter, Greta, 3, climbed around one of two giant, mosaiced lions.
Treff loved the colors, the size and how her daughter could explore it, she said, but it’s not something you expect to see here.
Because of that, Lynn Kerkemeyer, special exhibitions manager for the garden, wasn’t sure what people would think of Niki’s pieces, all sculptures made of fiberglass and mosaic or painted polyester. They explode, she said, with color, light and brightness.
For all their beauty, Kerkemeyer thought, “they are very different from our formal garden.”
Already, though, “we’re just seeing people of all ages absolutely loving it,” said Karen Hagenow, public relations coordinator with the garden.
“It’s very accessible,” she said. “Which is what’s exciting about it.”
All 39 pieces (the two lions are considered one piece) were created by Niki de Saint Phalle and cost about $1 million to bring in, including installation and shipping, Kerkemeyer said. Most of that amount came from donors and corporate sponsors. The French-born, self-taught artist and only female member of Europe’s New Realist movement made the sculptures of animals, totems, women, or “nanas,” and black heroes before her death in 2002. She was 71 at the time, suffering from emphysema, a result of breathing polyester fiber early in her career.
Her work is featured around the world, including in Italy, Jerusalem and California. And often when making the animal and totem sculptures, Cardenas said, her grandmother was thinking of children.
But the exhibit, which runs through Halloween, isn’t meant just for kids.
As Linda Kutter of Wood River, IL, toured the garden, she caught sight of the six-ton skull, “La Cabeza.”
“Look at that one,” she said to her husband. “Holy cow.”
“Niki in the Garden” opens this Sunday at the Missouri Botanical Garden in St. Louis. Journalist Kristen Hare visited a preview of the exhibition, along with Kim Treff and her three-year-old daughter Greta:
Since 2001, the garden has brought in outside art, including Chapungu, stone sculptures from Zimbabwe, and most notably the glass creations of Dale Chihuly. But nothing has invited participation the way Niki has.
On Sunday, Kim Treff of St. Louis watched as her daughter, Greta, 3, climbed around one of two giant, mosaiced lions.
Treff loved the colors, the size and how her daughter could explore it, she said, but it’s not something you expect to see here.
Because of that, Lynn Kerkemeyer, special exhibitions manager for the garden, wasn’t sure what people would think of Niki’s pieces, all sculptures made of fiberglass and mosaic or painted polyester. They explode, she said, with color, light and brightness.
For all their beauty, Kerkemeyer thought, “they are very different from our formal garden.”
Already, though, “we’re just seeing people of all ages absolutely loving it,” said Karen Hagenow, public relations coordinator with the garden.
“It’s very accessible,” she said. “Which is what’s exciting about it.”
Past stretches of green grass at the Missouri Botanical Garden, around open tulips and emerging tree buds, sits a giant skull. Flashes of greens and yellows, oranges and reds pop out from glaring eye sockets. Nearly every inch sparkles under the Sunday sun.
And there are voices.
Three of them. Through the ear-like archway, Cavi Wilson listens as his words bounce from shiny spot to shiny spot, back into daylight through the space between bared teeth. Cavi, 5, stares up into a ceiling of blue glass circles and a white half moon.
“Look,” he says to his parents, Swati and Brent Wilson. “It looks like night there.”
They tilt their heads back, looking.
“Which side looks better?” the little brown-haired boy wonders. “The inside or the outside?”
Brent Wilson, of Kirkwood, looks on as his son, Cavi, 5, gets comfy inside the nose of ‘La Cabeza’ at the Missouri Botanical Garden.
And what about from the nostril cavity, all stony bumps just right for sitting? Or those eye sockets, where you can perch, knees tucked under chin?
Cavi can’t decide.
So the sometimes-shy Kirkwood preschooler climbs and plays and touches the pop art of Niki de Saint Phalle, the centerpiece of the Missouri Botanical Garden’s “Niki in the Garden” exhibition.
It was Cavi’s idea to come here. The garden’s one of his favorite places, though usually, other than the Children’s Garden, he can only run across the grass and scuff his shoes on low limbs.
This is different. Like Niki’s work, the day offers something quite unexpected.
Inside the skull, called “La Cabeza,” Cavi’s family listen to their voices echo.
“Hey, this skull is pretty dangerous,” Cavi decides, fixing his body in front of slick, nubby teeth where he can see a strip of grass, knees and bellies. Cavi pushes his skinny arms through and growls at people passing.
Most of them stop, eyes big, then step up and touch and duck inside.
“I like this,” Mr. Wilson, who works in advertising, says to his wife, a stay-at-home mom. Walking through the formal garden and seeing a six-ton, mosaic-tile, fiberglass skull was a shock, he thought. “This is cool.”
Mrs. Wilson, however, wasn’t a fan, at least not at first. When she saw one of the sculptures outside the garden, she couldn’t imagine how these bright things would fit with nature. Soon, though, as she sees the works’ context and placement in the Garden and as she begins to connect with some of their spiritual themes, Mrs. Wilson decides she likes the work after all.
Cavi likes it, too. It’s scary, but he isn’t scared.
“Everyone thinks the skull is talking,” he calls to his parents from his spot in the mouth, where little faces frequently peek in. Then, he stretches his arms out for another growl.
That night before dinner, Cavi and his dad sit down at the coffee table in their living room. Together, with fine-tipped markers, they draw the giant skull. When he gets time, Cavi plans to fill in the background with scenes of the garden.
No doubt, a shiny skull is a strange thing to find there. But, in Cavi’s picture and at the garden through the fall, it’s exactly where something unexpected, and maybe a little scary, waits.
Today in the St. Louis Beacon, journalist Kristen Hare tags along with five-year-old Cavi Wilson and his parents for a preview of the “Niki in the Garden” exhibition at the Missouri Botanical Garden. The garden is already one of Cavi’s favorite places — but as Hare makes clear, “This is different.”
Past stretches of green grass at the Missouri Botanical Garden, around open tulips and emerging tree buds sits a giant skull. Flashes of greens and yellows, oranges and reds pop out from glaring eye sockets. Nearly every inch sparkles under the Sunday sun. …
Inside the skull, called “La Cabeza,” Cavi’s family listen to their voices echo.
“Hey, this skull is pretty dangerous,” Cavi decides, fixing his body in front of slick, nubby teeth where he can see a strip of grass, knees and bellies. Cavi pushes his skinny arms through and growls at people passing.
Most of them stop, eyes big, then step up and touch and duck inside.
“I like this,” Mr. Wilson, who works in advertising, says to his wife, a stay-at-home mom. Walking through the formal garden and seeing a six-ton, mosaic-tile, fiberglass skull was a shock, he thought. “This is cool.”
While La Coupole in Paris is showing photos of Niki de Saint Phalle’s Tarot Garden in Tuscany, there’s no reason for kids to feel left out. “Les boîtes à secrets de Niki” has its opening Wednesday 16 April at the Musée en Herbe, the beloved children’s museum in the Jardin d’Acclimatation of the Bois de Boulogne.
The exhibition, presented with the generous support of the Mayor’s Office of the City of Paris, will be on display through 2 January 2009. The Musée en Herbe is located in the 16th Arrondissement of Paris (Métro Les Sablons) and is open from 10 am until 6 pm, seven days a week. For information or reservations, you can call them at 01 40 67 00 37.
27 APRIL 2008